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From then on, The southern part of Mirkwood became a haunted place inhabited by many dark and savage things. The area had been called Greenwood the Great until around the year TA 1050, when the shadow of the Dark Lord Sauron fell upon it, and Men began to call it Mirkwood, or Taur-nu-Fuin and Taur-e-Ndaedelos in the Sindarin tongue. Light peering through the thick trees of Mirkwood When Oropher was killed in the War of the Last Alliance, the kingship passed to his son Thranduil. It was around this time that Men, possibly ancestors of the Northmen, began making permanent settlements in and around the forest. The Sindar Elf Oropher, who was the grandfather of Legolas, established the Woodland Realm proper, and it become the primary settlement of the Elves from the Second Age onward. Thereafter, Greenwood the Great was the dwelling of the Wood-elves (the Nandor, Elves descending from the wandering Teleri Elf Lenwë) for many thousands of years. Elves passed through it on their Great Journey from Cuiviénen into the Far West - it was where they made their first long stop before continuing. This forest existed since the earliest days of Arda. During the events of The Hobbit it was home to giant spiders, and the Woodland Realm of King Thranduil and his Wood-elves the Woodmen of Mirkwood also inhabited a small part of the forest. Mirkwood was approximately 600 miles long from north to south, and 250 miles across at its width. Except for ways through the thickets of the forest, there were very few common routes through Mirkwood save for the Old Forest Road and the Elf-path. This smaller river was enchanted (or polluted) to such an extent that it caused slumber and forgetfulness to anyone who fell into it. Tolkien's map as the Forest River, that ran from the Grey Mountains down to Long Lake, and a smaller river that ran from the Mountains of Mirkwood to join with the Forest River west of the Elvenking's Halls. Its natural land features included (in the northern part of the forest) the Mountains of Mirkwood, a sizable river referred to in J.R.R. Mirkwood was a dense and heavy woodland that made up much of the eastern portion of Rhovanion or Wilderland, that maintained its borders and relative shape for many ages. Map of Greenwood in Wilderland, from The Hobbit 3.1 Peter Jackson's The Hobbit film trilogy.
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